AVM

Protein name	Hemagglutinin
Uniprot protein ID	C3W627
Protein length	566 amino acids
Protein description	The HA protein is translated as an uncleaved HA0 precursor protein, folded as a trimer, and glycosylated and acylated. The HA protein binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization either through clathrin-dependent endocytosis or through clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore.

Pubmed ID	24699432
Clinical information	No
Disease	-
Published year	2014
Journal	PLoS One
Title	Influenza A H1N1 Pandemic Strain Evolution-Divergence and the Potential for Antigenic Drift Variants
Author	Eili Y. Klein,Adrian W. R. Serohijos,Jeong-Mo Choi,Eugene I. Shakhnovich,Andrew Pekosz
Evidence	While, some mutations, S185T, E374K, and S451N, continually increase in frequency each season, other mutations (K163Q, K283E, A256T, and E499K) all became the dominant sequence in 10/2013-3/2018 or later for the first time after persisting at a low frequency for a number of seasons.