Mutation detail:
| Mutation site | D222G |
| Virus | Influenzavirus A H1N1 |
Mutation level  |
Amino acid Level |
| Gene/protein/region type | HA |
| Gene ID | 23308115 |
| Country | Russia |
| Mutation type |
nonsynonymous mutation |
| Genotype/subtype/clade | clade 6B |
| Sample |
Human |
| Variants | - |
| Viral reference sequence | NC_026433.1 |
| Drug/antibody/vaccine | oseltamivir resistant, Zanamivir resistant |
| Transmissibility |
- |
| Transmission mechanism | - |
| Pathogenicity |
- |
| Pathogenicity mechanism | - |
| Immune escape mutation | - |
| Immune escape mechanism | - |
| RT-PCR primers probes | - |
Protein detail:
| Protein name | Hemagglutinin |
| Uniprot protein ID | C3W627 |
| Protein length | 566 amino acids |
| Protein description | The HA protein is translated as an uncleaved HA0 precursor protein, folded as a trimer, and glycosylated and acylated. The HA protein binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization either through clathrin-dependent endocytosis or through clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore. |
Literature information:
| Pubmed ID | 27776172 |
| Clinical information | Yes |
| Disease | - |
| Published year | 2016 |
| Journal | PLoS One |
| Title | Fatal Cases of Seasonal Influenza in Russia in 2015-2016 |
| Author | T Ilyicheva,A Durymanov,I Susloparov,N Kolosova,N Goncharova |
| Evidence | HA phylogenic analysis revealed that influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains belonged to the 6B genetic group that had two main dominant subgroups during 2015-2016. In Russia strains of the first subgroup dominated. Among fatal cases we registered an increase in proportion of strains with D222G mutation in the receptor-binding site. |