Mutation detail:
| Mutation site | I38M |
| Virus | Influenzavirus A H1N1 |
Mutation level  |
Amino acid Level |
| Gene/protein/region type | PA |
| Gene ID | 23308128 |
| Country | Australia, China, France, India, Japan, Kuwait, Mexico, Russia, Spain, United Arab Emirates, USA |
| Mutation type |
nonsynonymous mutation |
| Genotype/subtype/clade | - |
| Sample |
Human |
| Variants | - |
| Viral reference sequence | MN318638.1 |
| Drug/antibody/vaccine | baloxavir resistant |
| Transmissibility |
- |
| Transmission mechanism | - |
| Pathogenicity |
- |
| Pathogenicity mechanism | - |
| Immune escape mutation | - |
| Immune escape mechanism | - |
| RT-PCR primers probes | - |
Protein detail:
| Protein name | Polymerase PA |
| Uniprot protein ID | C3W5X6 |
| Protein length | 716 amino acids |
| Protein description | PA Plays an essential role in viral RNA transcription and replication by forming the heterotrimeric polymerase complex together with PB1 and PB2 subunits. The complex transcribes viral mRNAs by using a unique mechanism called cap-snatching. It consists in the hijacking and cleavage of host capped pre-mRNAs. These short capped RNAs are then used as primers for viral mRNAs. The PB2 subunit is responsible for the binding of the 5' cap of cellular pre-mRNAs which are subsequently cleaved after 10-13 nucleotides by the PA subunit that carries the endonuclease activity. |
Literature information:
| Pubmed ID | 32004620 |
| Clinical information | No |
| Disease | - |
| Published year | 2020 |
| Journal | Antiviral Research |
| Title | Global update on the susceptibilities of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2017-2018 |
| Author | Emi Takashita , Rod S Daniels , Seiichiro Fujisaki , Vicki Gregory , Larisa V Gubareva |
| Evidence | Of the 2969 A(H1N1)pdm09 sequences, 7 (0.2%) contained PA E23G (n=2), PA A37T/A polymorphism, PA I38L (n=2), PA I38M/I polymorphism or PA E199G substitutions (Table 4). The E23G and I38L variants were included in phenotypic baloxavir susceptibility analysis by the Atlanta CC and showed 6-9-fold reduced susceptibility to baloxavir |