AVM v1, released 02-OCT-22

A manually curated database of aerosol-transmitted virus mutations, human diseases, and drugs

Mutation detail:


Mutation site R441A
Virus SARS-CoV
Mutation level Amino acid level
Gene/protein/region type S protein
Gene ID 1489668
Country -
Mutation type nonsynonymous mutation
Genotype/subtype/clade -
Sample cell line
Variants -
Viral reference sequence AY278741.1
Drug/antibody/vaccine -
Transmissibility hinder
Transmission mechanism We also demonstrated that the RBD-Fc bearing R441A mutation could not bind to soluble and cell-associated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the functional receptor for SARS-CoV and failed to block S protein-mediated pseudovirus entry, indicating tha
Pathogenicity -
Pathogenicity mechanism -
Immune escape mutation -
Immune escape mechanism -
RT-PCR primers probes -

Protein detail:


Protein name spike glycoprotein
Uniprot protein ID P59594
Protein length 1255 amino acids
Protein description The spike protein of SARS coronaviruses is a protein composed of three polypeptide chains and it contains two domains, S1 and S2. The S1 domain binds the host cell receptors, while the S2 domain is responsible for the fusion of the virus with the host cell membrane. Between S1 and S2, there is a hinge region which is targeted by the host cell proteases.

Literature information:


Pubmed ID 16615996
Clinical information No
Disease -
Published year 2006
Journal Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Title A single amino acid substitution (R441A) in the receptor-binding domain of SARS coronavirus spike protein disrupts the antigenic structure and binding activity
Author Yuxian He, Jingjing Li, Shibo Jiang
Evidence We also demonstrated that the RBD-Fc bearing R441A mutation could not bind to soluble and cell-associated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the functional receptor for SARS-CoV and failed to block S protein-mediated pseudovirus entry, indicating tha